Fig. 3: LrCas9 confers efficient genome editing in diverse plant species.

a and b The co-target site illustration of LrCas9, LbCas12a, ttLbCas12a and LbCas12a-RRV (a), and of SpCas9-NG, SpRY and LrCas9 (b). The cut site of LrCas9, SpCas9-NG, and SpRY was labeled with salmon, while the LbCas12a was labeled with cyan. The target sites’ detail was listed in Supplementary Data 4. c The mutation rate comparison of LbCas12a, ttLbCas12a, LbCas12a-RRV, and LrCas9 at four rice endogenous loci in protoplasts (left). The data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test with a two-tailed P value. The summarized violin plot of mutation rates by LbCas12a, ttLbCas12a, LbCas12a-RRV, and LrCas9 (right). Solid line, median; dash line, quartiles. Each dot represents a biological replicate. Each target contains three biological replicates. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. d The mutation rate comparison of SpCas9-NG, SpRY, and LrCas9 at seven rice endogenous loci in protoplasts (left). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The summarized violin plot of mutation rate by SpCas9-NG, SpRY, and LrCas9 (right). Solid line, median; dash line, quartiles. Each dot represents a biological replicate. Each target contains three biological replicates. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. e–g The mutation rates of LrCas9 at endogenous loci in wheat (e), tomato (f), and larix protoplasts (g). Data were analyzed using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. ns, P > 0.05; *, P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. The target sites’ details are listed in Supplementary Data 4. Each dot represents a biological replicate. Each target contains two or three independent experiments (n = 2 or n = 3). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.