Fig. 8: Identification of crude active components in heated-inactivated B. adolescentis.

a Schematic diagrams of crude extraction and intervention about B. a. b, c Representative images in organoid-forming capacity and size of colonoids quantified from NC, B.a, supernatant and precipitation group on day 7. Scale bar, 100 μm. Arrows indicate crypt domains. n = 3 independent experiments. Data were represented as mean ± SEM and represented relative to NC control. Comparisons were performed by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. d The expression of Lgr5 and Ascl2 genes were detected by qPCR from NC, B.a, supernatant and precipitation group. n = 3 independent experiments. Data were represented as mean ± SEM. Comparisons were performed by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. e, f Representative images in colonoid-forming capacity and size of colonoids quantified from B.a, SPS, WPG and Lipids group on day 7. Scale bar, 100 μm. Arrows indicate crypt domains. n = 3 independent experiments. Data were represented as mean ± SEM and represented relative to NC control. Comparisons were performed by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. n = 3 independent experiments. g The expression of Lgr5 and Ascl2 genes were detected by qPCR from B.a, SPS, WPG and Lipids group. n = 3 independent experiments Data were represented as mean ± SEM. Comparisons were performed by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s. not significant. Source data and exact p value are provided as a Source data file. SPS soluble polysaccharides, WPG whole peptidoglycan.