Fig. 2: Characterizations of the ECRAM.
From: Open-loop analog programmable electrochemical memory array
a Linear and symmetric conductance update across different dynamic ranges of (i) 0.1 ~ 0.2 μS, (ii) 0.4 ~ 1.0 μS, (iii) 2 ~ 4 μS, (iv) 15 ~ 30 μS, (v) 60 ~ 100 μS and (vi) 170 ~ 230 μS, each cycle consists of 100 up/down voltage pulses ( ± 5 V/100 ms). b Superimposed plot of cycling tests of 10 ECRAM devices over 5 repeated cycles (±5 V/100 ms), showing good uniformity. c I–V plots of an ECRAM with 256 monotonically potentiated states, demonstrating good I–V linearity and wide range programmability. d Retention test of 20 analog states over a wide switching window. e Analog-input-analog-weight multiplications between different pairs of device conductance and input voltages. The uniform color gradient of output current levels indicates good computing accuracies. f Statistics of experimental VMM in the 10 × 10 ECRAM array from 1000 random input voltage vectors. The experimental outputs are in a good agreement with expected values. g Histogram plot of the output error from the VMM.
