Fig. 3: Thalamic low-frequency oscillations associated with prediction error components. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Thalamic low-frequency oscillations associated with prediction error components.

From: Human thalamic low-frequency oscillations correlate with expected value and outcomes during reinforcement learning

Fig. 3

a, b Time-frequency decomposition of prediction errors expectation (a: Qr or Qp) and outcome (b: R or P) components. Hotter (cooler) colors indicate more positive (negative) regression estimates. Black contours delimit statistical thresholds from pc <0.05 to pc <5.0 × 10−6. Significance was assessed using multiple two-sided one-sample student t-tests against zero across all thalamic sites (n = 48 sites). The boundaries of the frequency bands delta (δ: 1–4 Hz), low-frequency oscillations (LFO: 4–12 Hz), beta (β: 12–33 Hz), and gamma (γ: 50–150 Hz) at indicated on the right side. Grey shaded rectangles on the right side of all panels represent the standard deviation of the next cue pair (trial t + 1). c, d Time-course of average (solid lines) regression estimates obtained from linear fit of LFO with prediction error components (Qr, Qp, R, P). Shaded gray areas around the mean represent SEM across sites (n = 48 sites). Colored horizontal bars displayed on the top of c-d indicate significance (pc <0.05) for two-sided one-sample t-tests against 0 in the reward (green) and punishment conditions (red) or for two-sided paired t-tests comparing the regression estimates in the reward and punishment conditions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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