Fig. 5: RPET-associated metabolites and T2DM microvascular phenotypes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: RPET-associated metabolites and T2DM microvascular phenotypes.

From: Metabolic fingerprinting on retinal pigment epithelium thickness for individualized risk stratification of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fig. 5

a, b Hazard ratios for (a) incident DR (n = 161) and (b) DR progression (n = 160) per 1-SD increment in RPET across ETDRS subfields. Asterisks and steel blue indicates significant negative effects; light blue and orange indicates insignificant. c The top 30 metabolic biomarkers that are associated with RPET estimated with multiple linear regression models. Data are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Asterisks and brick red indicate significant. Two-sided statistical tests were conducted, and BH method was employed to reduce false discovery rate for multiple tests. d–g, Receiver operating characteristic curves and net benefit curves of clinical indicators alone versus the combination of clinical indicators and RPET metabolic states for stratifying incident DR (d–e) and DR progression (f–g). Orange indicates clinical indicators only; blue indicates the combination of clinical indicators and RPET metabolic states; horizontal dotted gray line indicates treat none; and vertical dot-dash gray lines indicates treat all. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. RPET retinal pigment epithelium thickness, DR diabetic retinopathy.

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