Fig. 1: ClpP and ClpX are involved in phage induction but not phage infection.

The defined RN450 derivative strains were either a infected with the indicated phages or b lysogenic derivatives thereof induced by MitC addition. c The clpP and clpX genes were cloned into the cadmium-inducible expression plasmid pCN51, introduced into the defined strains, and induced by MitC addition. Expression from the pCN51 plasmids was maintained throughout the experiment by the addition of 1 μM CdCl2. a–c Plaque formation was assessed on a lawn of RN4220. Bold horizontal lines in each boxplot represent the median and lower and upper hinges of the first and third quartiles, respectively (n = 3 biological replicates). Assessment of statistically significant differences between groups was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-test a, b or a two-sided Student’s t test c on log10 transformed data. p values are indicated above the respective comparison.