Fig. 1: Induced RNF13 in NAFLD progression.

a Immunohistochemistry staining of RNF13 in liver biopsies from non-NASH and NASH individuals (n = 4). Scale bars, 50 μm. RNF13 protein (b) and mRNA (d) expression in human liver samples from non-NASH (n = 17) and NASH (n = 15) individuals. Human samples were derived from the same experiment and blots were processed in parallel. c Correlation analysis for RNF13 protein levels and NAFLD activity score (NAS) in human liver samples (n = 32). RNF13 protein (e) and mRNA level (f) in liver samples from NCD, HFD, and HFHC-fed mice (For e, n = 4, 6; for f, n = 6 in the NCD group, n = 7 in the HFD group, n = 8 in HFHC group). RNF13 protein (g) and mRNA expression (h) in HepG2 cells treated with PAOA for indicated hour. RNF13 protein (i) and mRNA expression (j) in murine primary hepatocytes (MPHs) treated with PAOA for indicated hour (For g and i, n = 3; for h, n = 5 in 0 h group, n = 4 in other groups; for j, n = 5 in 12 h group, n = 6 in other groups). RNF13 protein expression in murine primary LSECs treated with PAOA (k) and Kupffer cells treated with TNF-α (l) for indicated hour (n = 3). Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test for b, d, and f, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis for e and g–j, Spearman correlation analysis for c. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.