Fig. 6: MA-induced macrophage polarization via SOCS2 in vitro.

A Gene ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses of the upregulated DEGs between two groups. The size of the node represents the number of DEGs, and the color of the node represents the corresponding P value. B Scatter plots comparing the DEGs between the MA administrated and vehicle groups. Genes were monitored according to their expression levels (log10 intensity). Red and green dots represented upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. C Genetic profiling of SOCS family genes in BMDMs administrated with or without MA. D Representative histograms and quantification of CD206 expression in BMDMs depleted of SOCS2 using siRNA and co-cultured with or without MA (n = 3 biological replicates for siNC administrated vehicle group, n = 4 biological replicates for the rest groups). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0034 (siNC, Vehicle vs MA), 0.0007 (MA, siNC vs siSOCS2). E Representative images of immunostaining of CD206 (green) and DAPI (blue) in BMDMs depleted of SOCS2 using siRNA and co-cultured with or without MA. F Representative histograms of IL-10 expression and quantification of IL-10⁺ MFI (n = 3 biological replicates/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0335 (siNC, Vehicle vs MA), 0.0072 (MA, siNC vs siSOCS2). G Quantification of IL-10⁺F4/80⁺CD45⁺CD11b⁺ macrophages in BMDMs depleted of SOCS2 using siRNA and co-cultured with or without MA (n = 3 biological replicates/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0353 (siNC, Vehicle vs MA), 0.0066 (MA, siNC vs siSOCS2). H ELISA detection of IL-10 concentration released by BMDMs depleted of SOCS2 using siRNA and co-cultured with or without MA (n = 3 biological replicates/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0020 (siNC, Vehicle vs MA), 0.0001 (MA, siNC vs siSOCS2). Scale bar, 100 μm. The statistical tests employed included: two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for multiple comparisons and two-tailed student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Each dot represents data from a single sample ([D], [F–H]). Bar graphs represent mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.