Fig. 7: MA alleviates intestinal I/R injury by regulating macrophage polarization in a SOCS2-dependent manner.

A H & E staining of small intestinal tissue from mice 36 h after induction of intestinal I/R and quantification of the small intestinal pathology score (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0241 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0020 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). B Quantification of the area of Occludin, ZO-1 immunohistochemical staining (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. For Occludin, 0.0231 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0019 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–); for ZO-1, < 0.0001 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), < 0.0001 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). C qRT-PCR analysis of Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in small intestinal tissues from mice 36 h after intestinal I/R (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. For Occludin, 0.0056 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0005 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–); for ZO-1, 0.0014 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0007 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). D ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 production in mice 36 h after intestinal I/R (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. For IL-6, 0.046 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0046 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–); for IL-1β, 0.0159 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0052 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–); for IL-10, 0.0005 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0003 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). E Frequency of Ly6C⁺MHCII^-, Ly6C⁺MHCII⁺, and Ly6C^-MHCII⁺ subsets among CD45⁺CD11b⁺ cells in the small intestine of different groups (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for Ly6C⁺MHCII^- and Ly6C⁺MHCII⁺cells. For Ly6C⁺MHCII^- cells, 0.0169 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0221 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–); for Ly6C⁺MHCII⁺cells, 0.0004 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0011 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). F Quantification of CD206⁺F4/80⁺CD45⁺CD11b⁺ macrophages (n = 3 in SOCS2^–/– mice/group, n = 4 in WT mice/group). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0004 (WT, I/R + Vehicle vs I/R + MA), 0.0012 (I/R + MA, WT vs SOCS2^–/–). G Representative histograms of CD206 expression in the LP of the small intestine 36 h after intestinal I/R injury. H Schematic illustration of the induction protocols for macrophage adoptive transfer. I H & E staining of small intestinal tissue from mice 36 h after induction of macrophages adoptive transfer and quantification of the small intestinal pathology score (n = 3 for recipient SOCS2^-/- mice adoptive transfer of the macrophages from MA-administrated WT mice group, n = 4 mice for the rest groups). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. 0.0163 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0258 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages). J Quantification of the area of Occludin, ZO-1 immunohistochemical staining (n = 3 for recipient SOCS2^-/- mice adoptive transfer of the macrophages from MA-administrated WT mice group, n = 4 mice for the rest groups). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. For Occludin, 0.0003 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0023 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages); for ZO-1, 0.0018 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0033 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages). K ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 production in mice 36 h after macrophages adoptive transfer (n = 3 for recipient SOCS2^-/- mice adoptive transfer of the macrophages from MA-administrated WT mice group, n = 4 mice for the rest groups). Represent significant p value using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. For IL-6, 0.0288 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0226 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages); for IL-1β, 0.0012 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0004 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages); for IL-10, 0.0022 (WT, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages), 0.0154 (SOCS2^–/–, Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages vs Adoptive transfer of SOCS2^–/– macrophages). Scale bar, 200 μm. The statistical tests employed included: two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Each dot represents data from a single sample ([A–F], [I–K]). Bar graphs represent mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.