Fig. 4: The vibrational and phonon decoupling behaviors of (NaOH)0.5NbSe2.

a Room-temperature Raman spectra for bulk, monolayered NbSe2 and (NaOH)0.5NbSe2. b Cp vs. temperature plot in 2–300 K range. The solid blue line is calculated using combined Debye–Einstein model. The individual contributions from Debye (β) and the two Einstein terms are also plotted. c TDTR data for the out-of-plane thermal conductivity κ⊥ of (NaOH)0.5NbSe2. d the in-plane thermal conductivity κ// of (NaOH)0.5NbSe2 measured by steady-state heat flow method. e Comparison of \(\Delta={\kappa }_{//}/{\kappa }_{\perp }\), κ// (x axis), and κ⊥ (diagonal dashed lines) measured for highly anisotropic thermal conductors and (NaOH)0.5NbSe2. Data of layered materials and superlattice are taken from Ref. 38. f κ⊥ vs. exfoliation energy diagram for typical TMDs materials, graphite, black phosphorus (BP) and (NaOH)0.5NbSe233,38,39,40,49,50,51.