Fig. 3: Numerical demonstration of tracking multiple scattering trajectories.
From: Tracing multiple scattering trajectories for deep optical imaging in scattering media
a Schematic of the sample configuration. Four phase plates are placed on top of a target object at a distance of \(\left\{{z}_{k=1\ldots 4}\right\}=\left\{35,50,70,100\right\}\) μm, respectively, from the target object at \({z}_{0}=0\). Inset: ground-truth target object. Scale bar: 10 μm. b Ground-truth phase functions \({\varphi }_{k}({{{{{\boldsymbol{\rho }}}}}})\) of the four scattering layers in a. The side lengths of the phase maps are (100, 130, 160, 200) μm from the left. Scale bars: 30 μm. c Identified phase functions \({\varphi }_{k}^{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}({{{{{\boldsymbol{\rho }}}}}})\) by MST algorithm. d Conventional confocal reflectance image of the target. Scale bar: 10 μm. e MST image by rectifying the identified multiple scattering trajectory. Color scales in d, e are normalized by the maximum amplitude in e. f Ballistic wave intensity of the normally incident plane wave measured after each phase plate before (red circular dots) and after (blue square dots) the application of MST algorithm. g The performance of MST algorithm by evaluating \({\xi }_{1}\) and \({\xi }_{2}\) with the iteration process. h Angular spread function of a normally incident plane wave in the spatial frequency domain measured underneath each phase plate. i Same as h, but after rectifying the multiple scattering trajectory. Angular spread functions are displayed in the spatial frequency coordinates \(({k}_{x},{k}_{y})\) with its center corresponding to \(({{{{\mathrm{0,0}}}}})\). Scale bar: 0.1\({k}_{0}\).
