Fig. 3: ecO2 supports cell capsules in vitro for 21 days.
From: Electrocatalytic on-site oxygenation for transplanted cell-based-therapies
a A schematic illustration of the in vitro oxygenation assay and analysis; the image is an original creation of the authors. b A representative set of 3D-rendered live/dead assay fluorescence images after 21-day in vitro oxygenation; i—a representative 3D-rendered z-stacked images, ii—expanded view of the marked white dashed circle, live cells, iii—dead cells. All scale bars are 100 µm. c Cellular viability as a function of time (n = 4 biologically independent samples); blue—1% oxygen with oxygenation; red—1% oxygen without oxygenation; results are presented with mean ± SD; ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; pday 3 = 9.84×10−4; pday 10 = 8.52×10−27; pday 21 = 1.39×10−46. d Single-capsule-level spatial distribution of cell viability in cell laden alginate capsules (n = 158 capsules for oxygenated cells (blue) and n = 122 capsules for 1% oxygen without oxygenation (red)); results are presented with mean ± SD. e A representative live/dead assay at single-capsule-level of 21-day hypoxic incubation with or without oxygenation; i—z = −240 μm; ii—z = 0 μm; iii—z = 240 μm; scale bars are 100 μm; imaging was repeated in 25 and 20 times for the samples with or without oxygenation, respectively. f Peptide production as a function of in vitro culturing time. Blue corresponds to 1% oxygen with ecO2 (oxygenation in hypoxia, experiment, n = 4 biologically independent samples); red corresponds to 1% oxygen without ecO2 (hypoxic incubator, negative control, n = 4 biologically independent samples); ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; pday 3 = 1.32×10−4; pday 6 = 5.32×10−12; pday 9 = 3.23×10−29; pday 12 = 2.93×10−36; pday 15 = 1.75×10−15; pday 18 = 3.92×10−27; pday 21 = 6.36×10−28; results are presented with mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and post-Tukey analysis was performed for one-sided mean comparison.
