Fig. 3: Ecological changes are not solely explained by frequency increases in focal species.

a, b Fraction of focal species with absolute fold changes in relative abundance greater than a given amount, regardless of direction (a), and the fraction of this amount contributed by positive vs negative changes (b). c, d The Jensen-Shannon distances in Fig. 2d as a function of the fold change in relative abundance of the focal species (d), and the fraction of the Jensen-Shannon divergence explained by each of these fold changes (c, Methods). e The fraction of community comparisons in which the Jensen-Shannon divergence explained by the focal species exceeds a given percentage. Solid lines denote the observed data for the replacement (red) and modification (blue) hosts in Fig. 2d, while the dashed lines denote the expectations of a null model where the focal species are chosen at random (Methods). f An analogous version of panel e using the fraction of Jensen-Shannon divergence explained by all species in the same family as one of the focal species. g, h Taxonomic relationship with the most closely related focal species for each of the extinction events in Fig. 2g. Colored bars denote the observed data for the modification (top) and replacement (bottom) hosts, respectively, while the gray bars denote the corresponding expectations from the null model in (e).