Fig. 3: Nature versus nurture in real-world networks.

A Optimal fitting parameter \({\omega }_{\max }\) of the nature-nurture model in various real-world networks. Social networks (blue) generally exhibit lower \({\omega }_{\max }\) values compared to non-social networks (red). B, C Preference for the nature-only (red) or nurture-only (blue) model in fitting social and non-social networks, respectively, based on the corrected Akaike information criterion for small sample sizes (AICc) provided in Supplementary Table 3.