Fig. 1: atxr5 atxr6 displays robust viral resistance phenotype that is superficially uncoupled with re-activation of TEs and DNA replication.

a Loss-of-function mutants of atxr5 atxr6 show resistance to CaLCuV. Photographs of CaLCuV-inoculated Col-0, atxr5, atxr6, and atxr5 atxr6 plants at 16 dpi (days post-inoculation). Scale bars, 1 cm. b Percentages of symptomatic plants induced by CaLCuV-inoculation at 9, 11, 13, and 15 dpi. Each dot in the bar plot represents one replicate, the inoculation experiments were performed with 30 plants/replicate with 6 mock-treated plants as a control. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates for Col-0 and atx5 atxr6; n = 1 for atxr5 and atxr6). The experiments were repeated three times with similar results. c Flow cytometry assay shows that loss of MBD9 but not BRCA1 could rescue DNA re-replication phenotype in atxr5 atxr6. d Heat map shows that loss of MBD9, or SAC3B, but not BRCA1, could suppress transcriptional re-activation of TEs in atxr5 atxr6. The quantification was conducted by DESeq2. e The loss of MBD9, SAC3B, or BRCA1 could all increase viral susceptibility of atxr5 atxr6. Photographs of CaLCuV-inoculated plants were taken at 15 dpi. Scale bars, 1 cm. f Percentages of symptomatic plants in different backgrounds induced by CaLCuV- inoculation at 13, 14, and 15 dpi. Each dot in the bar plot represents one replicate, experiments were performed with 36 plants/replicate. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). g Southern blot assay shows differential accumulation of viral DNA A in CaLCuV-inoculated plants with different genotypes at 15 dpi. Experiments were repeated twice with similar results. The titers of viral DNA A were first normalized with the loading control (EcoRI-digested input DNA, Bottom panel), and then to Col-0 where the amount was arbitrarily set as 1. Statistics in Fig. 1b, f were performed with unpaired two-tailed student t-test, *, **, *** and ****, P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively. Source data are provided in the Source Data File.