Fig. 2: Structures of spiropyran, hydrazone, and diarylethene derivatives used for photoisomerization kinetics studies.

Isomerization of spiropyran compounds (1–3, orange) is accompanied with significant structural rearrangement and zwitterionic merocyanine (1’) formation, whereas hydrazone (green) and diarylethene (blue) compounds undergo conversion between two neutral forms. Hydrazone compounds can undergo significant structural rearrangement upon photoisomerization while diarylethene derivatives do not.