Fig. 4: Phylogeny and transmission of the N. meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) strains. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Phylogeny and transmission of the N. meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) strains.

From: Distributed genotyping and clustering of Neisseria strains reveal continual emergence of epidemic meningococcus over a century

Fig. 4

a Spatiotemporal phylogenetic tree of the MenA strains. The colors of the branches presented the predicted country by TreeTime. The arcs outside showed HC300 clades and isolated continents for the strains. The colored shadows along the tree showed the HC300 clades, genocloud ids (G1–G5), or clusters in genocloud 8 (GC8.1–GC 8.5). Stars highlighted pathogens associated with major disease outbreaks (also in part B). b Global transmissions and disease outbreaks of MenA. The number near each line showed the inferred year of transmission by BactDating. The colors of the lines indicated the associated clades, genoclouds, or clusters (as in part A). The world map was modified from the map hosted in the d3.js (https://d3js.org/). c Dynamics of effective population sizes (Y-axis) by years (X-axis) for the HC760_3 (red) and HC760_86 (blue) lineages. The 95% confidence intervals were shown as shadows. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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