Fig. 3: Low diversity AAD with enterococcal proliferation formed a microbially distinct subset of AAD.

a Summary of the HAD and antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal ( + AAD) patient cohorts stratified by enterococcal proliferation. Non-antibiotic AAD (-AAD), AAD without enterococcal proliferation (-Ent+AAD) and AAD with enterococcal proliferation ( + Ent AAD) whose microbiota comprised 25-99% of Enterococcus OTUs. b Violin plot of Shannon diversity indices assessed species richness and evenness among FMT donors (n = 20), -AAD (n = 30), -Ent AAD (n = 76) and +Ent AAD (n = 61) patients. Alpha diversity was estimated from Shannon diversity index (OTU abundances rarefied to 1107 reads). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05 and comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis tests with FDR adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini and Hochberg method. Source data provided as a Source Data file. c PCoA plot based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity assessed microbiota differences of FMT donors (n = 20), -AAD (n = 30), -Ent AAD (n = 76) and +Ent AAD (n = 61) patients (R2 = 0.328, p < 0.001). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05 by PERMANOVA. The F statistic two-tailed p-value depicts the significance of the host factor in affecting the community structure, while the PERMANOVA statistic R2 depicts the fraction of variance explained by each factor.