Table 1 Patient demographics and antibiotic usage

Gender (Male) %

64 (47.4%)

18 (54.5%)

0.563

Chi-square⁶

Age, median years (IQR)

68 (52-78)

75 (55-83)

0.181

Mann–Whitney U⁷

Days hospitalisation, median (IQR)

8 (5-13)

9 (6-14)

0.528

Mann–Whitney U

Prior hospitalisation¹, n (%)

83 (60.6%)

27 (81.8%)

0.079

Chi-square

Multiple hospitalisations¹, n (%)

56 (41.2%)

17 (51.5%)

0.144

Chi-square

Any antibiotic, n (%) ²

116 (69.7%)

23 (84.7%)

0.084

Chi-square

Days antibiotic treatment, median (IQR)³

5 (3-9)

4 (2-11)

0.935

Mann–Whitney U

Number of antibiotic classes, median (IQR)⁴

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.835

Mann–Whitney U

Any PPI, n (%)

94 (68.6%)

26 (78.8%)

0.336

Chi-square

PPI + antibiotics, n (%)

81 (59.1%)

19 (57.6%)

0.139

Chi-square

Chemotherapy, n (%)

26 (19.0%)

7 (21.2%)

0.978

Chi-square

Chemotherapy + antibiotics, n (%)

22 (16.2%)

4 (12.1%)

0.823

Chi-square

Aminoglycoside

11 (9.5%)

0 (0%)

0.297

Chi-square

Carbapenem

13 (11.2%)

0 (0%)

0.224

Chi-square

Cephalosporin

60 (51.7%)

16 (76.2%)

0.061

Chi-square

Cyclic lipopeptide

3 (2.6%)

0 (0%)

1.000

Chi-square

Fluoroquinolone

9 (7.8%)

3 (14.3%)

0.337

Chi-square

Glycopeptide

15 (12.9%)

2 (9.5%)

0.939

Chi-square

Clindamycin

1 (0.9%)

2 (9.5%)

0.092

Chi-square

Macrolide

18 (15.5%)

2 (9.5%)

0.704

Chi-square

Metronidazole

33 (28.4%)

6 (28.6%)

1.000

Chi-square

Penicillin

19 (16.4%)

2 (9.5%)

0.636

Chi-square

Penicillin β-lactamase (Oral)

16 (13.8%)

3 (14.3%)

1.000

Chi-square

Penicillin β-lactamase (IV)

42 (36.2%)

8 (38.1%)

1.000

Chi-square

Trimethoprim

4 (3.4%)

0 (0%)

0.873

Chi-square

Tetracycline

6 (5.2%)

1 (4.8%)

1.000

Chi-square

Other ⁵

1 (0.9%)

1 (4.8%)

-

-