Fig. 2: Nuclear RPSA senses viral nucleic acids and accelerates proinflammatory cytokine expression upon HSV-1 infection.

a, b BMDMs derived from Rpsa^fl/fl Lyz-Cre⁺ mice and the littermates were infected with HSV-1 for the indicated times and then analyzed for Ifnb, Il1a, Il1b, Il6, and Il12b mRNAs by qRT-PCR (a) (n = 3) and for protein levels in the cell culture supernatant by ELISA (b) (n = 3). c MEFs transfected with empty vector (Vec) or RPSA-expressing plasmid for 24 h were infected with HSV-1 then Tnfa, Il1b, and Il6 mRNA levels were examined by qRT-PCR (n = 3). d Wild-type and Rpsa-iKO MLE-12 cells were reconstituted with RPSA-expressing plasmid followed by qRT-PCR analysis of Il1b and Il6 mRNAs after HSV-1 infection for 6 h (n = 3). e Heatmap of downregulated immune and inflammatory response genes in Rpsa-iKO RAW264.7 cells relative to in wild-type RAW264.7 cells in response to HSV-1 infection. f, g Wild-type and Rpsa-iKO RAW264.7 cells were nuclear transfected with poly dA:dT (f) or poly I:C (g), and Il1b and Il6 mRNAs were analyzed by qRT-PCR 6 h later (n = 3). h, i qRT-PCR analysis of Il1b and Il6 mRNAs in wild-type and Rpsa-iKO RAW264.7 cells with liposome dA:dT transfection (h) or poly I:C (i) for the indicated times (n = 3). Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments and one representative experiment is shown (a–d and f–i). Data in a–d, f–i are shown as mean ± s.e.m. The P values were calculated by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.