Table 1 Screening and optimization of the reaction conditions[a]

From: Photosensitizer-free visible-light-promoted glycosylation enabled by 2-glycosyloxy tropone donors

View full size image

Entry

Conditions

Yield (%)[a]

1

No light, 3 h

3a (0)

2

310-320 nm, 3 h

3a (22)

3

365-370 nm, 3 h

3a (20)

4

385-390 nm, 3 h

3a (65)

5

415-420 nm, 3 h

3a (66)

6

430-435 nm, 3 h

3a (65)

7

blue LEDs, 3 h

3a (67)

8

blue LEDs (10 W), 3 h

3a (59)

9

blue LEDs (5 W), 3 h

3a (20)

10

blue LEDs (3 W), 3 h

3a (10)

11[b]

blue LEDs, 5 h

3a (82)

12[c]

blue LEDs, NaOTf, 20 min

3a (91)

13[d]

NaOTf, 2.5 h

3b (71)

14[d]

NaB(3,5- (CF3)2Ph)4, 6 h

3b (63)

15[d]

NaSO2CF3, 2.5 h

3b (60)

16[d]

NaBF4, 12 h

3b (30)

17[d]

NaNTf2, 8 h

3b (41)

18[d]

NaSO4Me, 2 h

3b (50)

19[d]

Bu4NOTf, 8 h

3b (42)

20[d]

KOTf, 8 h

3b (54)

21[d]

TMSOTf, 0.5 h

3b (92)

22[d]

TMSOTf, in the dark, 12 h

3b (44)

23[d]

NaOTf, in the dark, 12 h

3b (0)

24[d]

no additive, 12 h

3b (13)

25[d]

no additive, no light, 24 h

3b (0)

  1. [a] Reaction conditions: 1a (0.075 mmol), 2a (0.05 mmol), ClCH2CH2Cl (2.0 mL), blue LEDs (15 W, 450–465 nm), argon atmosphere, and isolated yields. [b] 1a (0.1 mmol). [c] NaOTf (10 mol%) as the additive. [d] 1b (0.075 mmol), 2b (0.05 mmol), ClCH2CH2Cl (2.0 mL), blue LEDs (15 W, 450–465 nm), additive (10 mol%), argon atmosphere, and isolated yields. Ratios of α/β were determined using 1H NMR, α/β = 1.1/1∼3.4/1.