Fig. 9: Scheme of myeloid-derived grancalcin instigates obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation.

Obesity induces neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages producing copious amount of GCA. And GCA binds to the Prohibitin-2 (PHB2) receptor on adipocytes and activated the innate and adaptive immune response of adipocytes via PAK1-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thus provoking initiates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. This diagram was created with MedPeer.com.