Fig. 2: The Coastal Wetland Trophic Restoration experiment.
From: Shorebirds-driven trophic cascade helps restore coastal wetland multifunctionality
a An illustration of the experimental design. The four experimental treatments (natural recovery + shorebird control, planting + shorebird control, planting + shorebird exclusion, and planting + high predation simulation) were replicated 8 times in 4 m2 plots in a site where invasive plants (Spartina alterniflora) were successfully eradicated since 2015 and native plants had not recovered naturally. b–d Photographs of planting + shorebird control (b), planting + shorebird exclusion (c), and planting + high predation simulation treatments (d). e Bird’s-eye view of the experiment. Credits: Chunming Li (illustration) and Qiang He (all photographs).
