Fig. 7: Astrocytic IR in the MBH regulates circadian behavior and energy balance.
a MBH showing AAV-GFAP-GFP infection in IRfl/fl mice. Scale bar: 100 μm. IRβ expression in the MBH of AAV-GFAP-GFP (IR-MBH-control) or AAV-hGFAP-Cre (IR-MBH-KO) mice (n = 4). Two-tailed, unpaired t-test. b Cumulative food intake in IR-MBH-control (n = 6) and IR-MBH-KO (n = 5) animals. Two-way ANOVA. c Hourly plots show hourly energy expenditure, and bar plots show total energy expenditure in controls (n = 6 mice) and mutants (n = 4 mice). Two-tailed, unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA. d Circadian locomotor activity was monitored in controls and mutants in standard LD cycles for 7–10 days. Activity waveforms are shown for male and female control (n = 5 mice) and mutants (n = 6 males and n = 5 females). Activity counts are expressed as the average amount of activity in 5-min bins. Data are plotted with nighttime hours from 8 to 20 and given in ZT. Two-way ANOVA. e Lomb–Scargle periodograms of male and female control (n = 5 mice) and mutant mice (n = 6 males and n = 5 females). Two-way ANOVA. f ARC showing AAV-GFAP-GFP infection in IRfl/fl mice and IRβ expression in the ARC of IR-ARC-control or IR-ARC-KO mice (n = 4). Two-tailed, unpaired t-test. Scale bar: 100 μm. Body weight change (n = 4 mice) (g) and cumulative food intake (n = 5 mice) (h) in IR-ARC-control or IR-ARC-KO females. Two-way ANOVA. Hourly plots show hourly spontaneous activity (n = 5) (i) or energy expenditure (j), and bar plots show total activity (i) or energy expenditure (j), in IR-ARC-control (n = 4) or IR-ARC-KO (n = 5) females. Two-tailed, unpaired t-test or two-way ANOVA. k Respiratory quotient of IR-ARC-control or IR-ARC-KO females (n = 4). Two-tailed, unpaired t-test. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. Mouse heads and coronal mouse brains (a, f) were created with Biorender.com. Source data are provided as a Source Date file.
