Fig. 4: Joint scRNA and scATAC profiling of the bat pancreas.

A Diagram of pancreas with zoom-in on the Islet of Langerhans. Colors correspond to cell-type colors in b (created with BioRender.com). B UMAP of bat pancreas cell-types based on scRNA-seq data. C Dot plot of marker gene expression across all bat pancreas cell-types. Color intensity indicates the average expression level across all cells within a cell-type (purple or yellow is high, gray is low). D UMAP of bat pancreas cell-types by species/dietary phenotype. E Plot of species percentage across all pancreatic cells (left) with corresponding two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test for differential cell-type abundance between two species (n = 3 biologically independent samples for the frugivore bats and n =4 biologically independent samples for the insectivore bats). The boxplots show median and interquartile range (IQR); the lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles (the 25^th and 75^th percentiles). The upper whisker extends from the hinge to the largest value no further than 1.5*IQR from the hinge. The lower whisker extends from the hinge to the smallest value at most 1.5*IQR from the hinge. (right). Pct. percentage. F UMAP of bat pancreas cell-types automatically annotated with human pancreas single-cell reference data¹²³. G Overlap coefficients of auto-annotations in (G) (horizontal) with our integrated species annotations in (B) (vertical). H Overlap coefficients of all annotations found in each species before integration (horizontal) with after integration in (B) (vertical). Jamaican fruit bat is depicted as JF and big brown bat as BB in the various panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.