Fig. 1: IgM N-glycosylation analysis reveals differences in COVID-19 patients stratified by trajectory.
From: IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition
a IgM N-glycans labeled with the RapiFluor (RFMS) were profiled with UPLC-FLR-ESI-MS. The resulting N-glycans were identified using mass spectrometry and retention time data. Please see Supplementary Table 1 for a complete list of N-glycans. Dashed lines represent N-glycans without confirmed mass identities due to the limitation of the RFMS label in the QDa mass spectrometer. IgM monomer is displayed with the 5 conserved glycosylation sites labeled, created using BioRender. GP = glycan peaks. b Cohort demographics: Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), time from symptom onset to hospital admission, and viral load expressed as the delta-delta change between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein 1 (N1) and the house keeping gene RNP via RT qPCR are presented stratified across trajectory 1–2 (n = 6), 3 (n = 6), and 4-5 (n = 10) data are presented at mean values +/– S.D. Data was analyzed for significance using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. c IgM N-glycans are grouped by class: G0 refers to core diantennary N-glycans lacking galactose, G1 refers to core diantennary N-glycans with a single galactose, G2 refers to core diantennary N-glycans with two galactoses, S1 refers to diantennary N-glycans with a single sialic acid, S2 refers to di- and tri-antennary N-glycans with two sialic acids, S3 refers to triantennary N-glycans with three sialic acids, Mannose refers to M4-M10 and hybrid-type N-glycans, Bisecting refers to any N-glycan with a bisecting GlcNAc moiety, Fucosylated refers to any N-glycan with a core-fucose. Healthy Control (n = 2), Day 4 Trajectory 1&2 (n = 6), Day 7 Trajectory 1&2 (n = 5), Day 4 Trajectory 3 (n = 6), Day 7 Trajectory 3 (n = 5), Day 4 Trajectory 4&5 (n = 10), Day 7 Trajectory 4&5 (n = 6). N-glycan classes are graphed as mean values +/– S.D. Statistical significance was determined using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
