Fig. 4: Changes in IgM N-glycosylation Associate with Clinical Markers of COVID-19 Severity.

a Total mannose content (summation of M4-M10 and hybrid N-glycans) was correlated to hospital laboratory measurements of D-dimer, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and potassium measured on day 4 of hospitalization using simple linear regression analysis. R² and p-values are reported for each comparison, estimated by simple linear regression, with bolded p-values considered statistically significant. b Total di-sialylated (S2) N-glycans were correlated with hospital laboratory measurements of D-dimer, BUN, creatinine, and potassium using simple linear regression. R² and p-values are reported for each comparison, estimated by simple linear regression, with bolded p-values considered statistically significant. c Anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) IgA, IgM, and IgG detected from patient plasma donated at the time of hospital admission (Day 0) were correlated to IgM mannose content and S2 content. Green dots identify day 4 Trajectory 1 + 2, yellow dots identify day 4 trajectory 3, and red dots identify day 4 trajectory 4 + 5 hospitalized COVID-19 cohorts. R² and p-values are reported for each comparison, estimated by simple linear regression, with bolded p-values considered statistically significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.