Fig. 4: RPE features predominantly modulate directed connectivity from INS to dMPFC.
From: Asymmetric coding of reward prediction errors in human insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
a Region-level, fixed-effects coefficients depicting the effect of expected value (E. Val.), positive (p) RPE, and negative (n) RPE on the correlation between INS and dMPFC activity at different time lags. Positive lags indicate INS activity precedes dMPFC activity, whereas negative lags indicate dMPFC activity precedes INS activity. Significant model coefficients (qFDR < 0.05) are plotted in bold. Error bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals around fixed effect coefficients. b Negative RPE and positive RPE peak coefficients grouped by category: Positive RPE (pRPE, red), negative RPE (nRPE, blue), unsigned RPE (uRPE, green) and signed RPE (sRPE, gold). c Peak coefficients and the respective peak time lags, grouped by category. Significantly responsive channel pairs are displayed in color (F test, uncorrected p < 0.05). Marginal distributions of peak time lags and coefficients are plotted on x and y axes, respectively. The anatomical location of significant channel pairs is shown for each category, separately for the two directions of communication. Channel positions have been projected to the right/left hemisphere for dMPFC and the left/right hemisphere for INS in the case of positive/negative RPE coefficients. See Supplementary Fig. 3 for subject-specific connectivity results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
