Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of children randomized to receive oxytocin or placebo

	Oxytocin group		Placebo group
	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD	t value	p value
Age	40	9.9 ± 1.3	39	9.8 ± 1.2	0.55	0.59
WISC-V^a
Verbal IQ	39	105.6 ± 14.5	38	109.3 ± 15.7	-1.07	0.29
Performance IQ	40	103.0 ± 15.4	38	101.5 ± 12.7	0.45	0.65
Biological sex
Female	8 (20%)		8 (21%)
Male	32 (80%)		31 (79%)
Handedness
Left	4 (10%)		6 (15%)
Right	36 (90%)		33 (85%)
ADOS-2^b
Social affect	33	7.4 ± 3.7	32	7.5 ± 3.7	-0.05	0.96
Restricted and repetitive behavior	33	2.1 ± 1.2	31	1.7 ± 1.3	1.34	0.19
Total	35	9.8 ± 3.9	32	9.2 ± 4.2	0.63	0.53
SRS-2^c
Total	40	90.1 ± 22.8	39	87.9 ± 20.0	0.46	0.65
					Pearson chi-square
Psychostimulant medication use	11		9		0.20	0.90
Psychiatric comorbidity	11		7		0.89	0.64

Mean baseline scores, from participants completing at least one post-nasal spray session, are listed separately for each nasal spray administration group. T- and p-values correspond to independent sample t-tests assessing between-group differences in baseline scores.
^aWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, WISC-V-NL⁴⁹. The verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) was derived from the subtests Similarities and Vocabulary. The performance IQ was derived from the subtests Block design and Figure puzzles
^bAutism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition, ADOS-2, module 3⁴⁷
^cSocial Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition, SRS-2⁴⁸. Significant difference at p < 0.05 statistical threshold.

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