Fig. 1: Deletion of Sox9 affects beta cell function.

A Glucose tolerance test in Sox9 knockout (red, n = 10), Sox9 heterozygous (blue, n = 11), and Sox9 wild type (grey, n = 14) animals at 9-17 months of age shown and mean +/- SEM. The area under the curve (AUC), body weight, and fasted glucose levels are shown as mean +/- SEM. B RNAScope analysis of control or knockout animals (>10 months old) for Sox9 counterstained with Insulin and DAPI was carried out three independent times. n = 3 controls and 3 knockout pancreata. C Fat and lean mass quantification for control (n = 9) and knockout (n = 3) animals at 10-15 months of age. Data shown as mean +/- SEM. P values are indicated. D Circulating insulin in control (n = 9) and knockout (n = 3) animals at 12-17 months of age. Data shown as mean +/- SEM. E A glucose challenge in vivo to measure insulin secretion in control (n = 6) and knockout (n = 8) animals at >9 months of age. Stimulation index is shown in (F). G Strategy of infecting isolated Sox9^fl/fl or Sox9^fl/fl;mTmG islets with adenoviruses. Control samples were infected with Adeno-mCherry, while test samples were infected with Adeno-Cre. H Islets from adult Sox9^fl/fl or Sox9^fl/fl;mTmG animals were infected with adenoviruses encoding Adeno-Cre or Adeno-mCherry (inset) and imaged 6 days after infection. The infections were carried out in two independent experiments. I Sox9^fl/fl or Sox9^fl/fl;mTmG islets infected with adenoviruses encoding either mCherry (control, n = 6) or Cre recombinase (n = 6) for 6 days were processed for gene expression. J Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets infected with either Adeno-mCherry (n = 6) or Adeno-Cre (n = 6). K Total insulin quantification from isolated islets infected with either Adeno-mCherry (n = 6) or Adeno-Cre (n = 6). Error bars represent S.E.M. Two-tailed Student’s t test was used for all statistical analyses. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.