Fig. 1: FIB-SEM nanotomography of a printed LPE graphene network.

a Photo of a graphene dispersion and a typical TEM image of a liquid-exfoliated nanosheet. b Representative surface and cross-sectional SEM images of a printed multilayer graphene nanosheet network (nanosheet length, lNS = 695 nm). c Schematic of the slice-and-scan process. Network cross-sections are sequentially milled and imaged to produce a stack of 15 nm thick slices. The red arrow denotes the milling direction. d Image segmentation pipeline to classify a greyscale network cross-section into its nanosheet and pore components. Regions identified as nanosheets/pores by the user are indicated by green/red circles in Train, with the output of the classification process shown in Classify. The segmentation result is shown in Binarise, where the orange and black pixels correspond to regions labelled as nanosheets and pores respectively. e 3D reconstruction of a printed LPE graphene network generated using FIB-SEM-NT. f Magnified region of e showing nanosheets and pores.