Fig. 8: Mechanical damage in Xenopus induces calcium waves in distant, uninjured conspecifics. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: Mechanical damage in Xenopus induces calcium waves in distant, uninjured conspecifics.

From: Embryos assist morphogenesis of others through calcium and ATP signaling mechanisms in collective teratogen resistance

Fig. 8

a Dimensions for holder and embryo arrangement for injury experiments. b Fluorescent images of GCAMP6S-expressing embryos at 0-, 10-, and 20-min post-injury for untreated stage 10–12 embryos. The injured embryo is on the left and the neighboring uninjured embryo is on the right. c The speeds of GCAMP6S signal propagation between and within embryos. Speeds were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, assessing differences in speed between embryos (n = 7) and within injured (n = 8) and receiver (n = 9) embryos; *p < 0.05. d Kymographs of receiver embryo calcium dynamics before injury (spontaneous activity) and post-injury under control, suramin, and ATP conditions. Maximum GCAMP6S signal for e injured and f receiver embryos from the control (n = 10) and suramin-treated (n = 5) groups. Intensities are normalized to the mean of the pre-injury spontaneous activity. Groups were compared separately for injured and receiver embryos using the two-tailed Welch’s t-test; **p = 0.009. g Maximum GCAMP6S signal for embryos exposed to a bolus of MMR media (control; n = 3) or ATP (n = 4). Groups were compared using the two-tailed Welch’s t-test; *p = 0.01. All error bars represent the standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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