Table 1 Demographic characteristics of individuals in cohorts from the U.S., Botswana and Uganda
From: HIV-associated gut microbial alterations are dependent on host and geographic context
Demographic | Boston, US (n = 233) | Gaborone, Botswana (n = 194) | Mbarara, Uganda (n = 170) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Geographical demographics | ||||
Population density per km2 Gross National Income in $USD HIV prevalence in adults aged 15–45 per 100,000 population (IQR) | 5538 $52,620 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 1400 $14,630 23.2 (20.9–24.8) | 314 $1320 6.8 (6.5–7.1) | – – – |
Sex, female/male (male MSM/male non-MSM [Boston]) | 53/180 (118/62) | 96/98 | 85/85 | <0.01 |
Race (Black or African-American/White/American Indian or Alaskan Native/Asian/Multiple/Unknown) | 49/161/2/7/12/2 | 194/0/0/0/0/0 | 170/0/0/0/0/0 | <0.01 |
Ethnicity (non-Hispanic or Latino/Hispanic or Latino) | 209/24 | 194/0 | 170/0 | <0.01 |
Age in years (IQR) | 51 (37, 55) | 38 (34, 41.75) | 49 (46, 52) | <0.01 |
HIV-1 infection status (female/male MSM/male non-MSM/male [MSM unknown]) | ||||
Negative On ART ART-naïve | 117 (50.2%) (37/32/48/0) 61 (26.2%) (9/42/10/0) 55 (23.6%) (7/44/4/0) | 80 (41.3%) (36/0/0/44) 73 (37.6%) (38/0/0/35) 41 (21.1%) (22/0/0/19) | 80 (47%) (39/0/0/41) 90 (53%) (46/0/0/44) – | <0.01 |
Time on ART (years, IQR) | 8.87 (4.20, 14.00) | 8.98 (6.92, 10.81) | 6.99 (6.38, 7.64) | <0.01 |
ART regimen (NNRTI/PI/ISTI/2_agent) | 19/14/25/3 | 52/18/0/3 | 81/9/0/0 | <0.01 |
Weight in kg (IQR) (n by negative/ART/ART-naïve) | 82 (72, 92) n = 208 (43/108/57) | 65 (57, 77) | 59 (53, 66) | <0.01 |
Height in cm (IQR) (n by negative/ART/ART-naïve) | 175 (170, 180) n = 206 (42/107/57) | 166 (161, 173) | 162 (157, 169) | <0.01 |
Body mass index (BMI) in kg/cm2 (IQR) (n by negative/ART/ART-naïve) | 26.6 (23.5, 30) n = 205 (42/106/57) | 23.1 (20.3, 27.7) | 21.8 (19.7, 24.8) | <0.01 |
Taking TMP-SMX (yes/no) | 2 (both ART-naive, MSM)/231 | 0/194 | 81 (all ART)/89 (including 9 on ART) | <0.01 |
History or diagnosis of comorbidity (n, %) (n by negative/ART/ART-naïve, total n = 200 for Boston) | ||||
Hyperlipidemia Hypertension Cardiovascular disease Diabetes | 32 (16) (8/18/6) 37 (18.5) (8/19/10) 8 (4) (4/3/1) 12 (6) (6/4/2) | 56 (28.9) (22/28/6) 21 (10.8) (9/11/1) 10 (5.2) (3/3/4) 8 (4.1) (4/1/3) | 25 (14.7) (14/11/0) 37 (21.8) (22/15/0) 49 (28.8) (25/24/0) 12 (7.1) (7/5/0) | <0.01 0.015 <0.01 0.4691 |
Current CD4 T-cell counts in cells/mL (IQR) | ||||
On ART (Negative/ART/ART-naïve) ART-naïve (Negative/ART/ART-naïve) | 722 (507.2, 918) n = 60 (9/41/10) 548 (440.8, 775) n = 54 (7/43/4) | 493 (389, 694) 361 (158, 531) | 430 (336, 552.8) – | <0.01 <0.01 |
Nadir CD4 T-cell counts in cells/mL (IQR) | ||||
On ART (Negative/ART/ART-naïve) ART-naïve (Negative/ART/ART-naïve) | 361.5 (276.5, 583) n = 52 (7/39/6) 402 (347.5, 557) n = 50 (6/41/3) | 127.5 (73.3, 180) – | 123 (85.3, 173.3) – | <0.01 – |
