Fig. 4: Impact of Li stoichiometry on phase progression and crystallization during calcination of NM9505. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Impact of Li stoichiometry on phase progression and crystallization during calcination of NM9505.

From: Cobalt-free composite-structured cathodes with lithium-stoichiometry control for sustainable lithium-ion batteries

Fig. 4

a Heating profile of the in situ XRD experiment. b–d Contour plots of the time-resolved in situ XRD patterns during calcination of NM9505-0.95Li (see Fig. S16 for the data from NM9505-1.05Li). e Calculated RS phase fraction as a function of time during calcination of NM9505-0.95Li (red) and NM9505-1.05Li (black), respectively. Inset: structure evolution from RS (purple shading) dominated to layered phase (green shading) dominated during calcination (Red: Oxygen, Green: Li, Gray: TM). f Crystal growth of the layered phase as a function of time for NM9505-0.95Li (red) and NM9505-1.05Li (black), respectively. Inset: SEM images of NM9505-1.05Li at 600 °C and 720 °C.

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