Fig. 1: 1D system preparation, experimental scenario and phase diagram.
From: Commensurate and incommensurate 1D interacting quantum systems
a Left: fluorescence image of a Mott insulator of 87Rb atoms in the presence of two repulsive potential barriers, visible as hollow rectangles in the centre, Middle: corresponding atom distribution. Right: Magnification of the central region, highlighting the individual 1D systems with five atoms and the location of the repulsive potential (grey shaded areas). b Sketch of the procedure to generate an incommensurate (doped) 1D quantum system: (i) Initial preparation of a Mott insulating state, (ii) transition to the superfluid regime, and reduction of the number of lattice sites by moving the potential barrier, (iii) transition into the strongly interacting regime. c Illustration of the phase diagram for the 1D Bose-Hubbard model for finite particle number indicating the path followed through stages (i)-(iii).
