Fig. 3: Control of the mesoscale structure of the PMSQ aerogel, and properties of the PMSQ aerogel samples with different mesoscale structures.

a A schematic of controlling the mesoscale structure. b Stress–strain curves obtained from three-point bending of the PMSQ aerogel samples with 20 mm span. c A schematic of the pore skeletons with nodes. Skeletal ratio is defined as [skeleton length]/[skeleton thickness]. d Bulk density (ρb), light transmittance at 550 nm through 10-mm equivalent specimen (T550), skeletal ratio calculated by using the means with a 95% confidence interval of [skeleton length] and [skeleton thickness] from FE-SEM images (the error shows the estimated maximum error), and maximum strain at failure of the three-point bending (εmax,60) at 20 mm span of the PMSQ aerogel samples.