Fig. 2: Microbial diversity among seven organs.

A α-diversity of samples was grouped by organs (n = 328, 198, 110, 150, 363, 32, 427 for skin, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, and large intestine, respectively) and measured using the relative inverse Simpson index at the genus level. Boxplots were colored by surface organs. P values were determined using two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. B α-diversity of 53 body sites in surface organs (sample size n was indicated in the button of each boxplot). Boxplots and trendlines were colored by sample types (surface or lumen). P values were determined using two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. C β-diversity was measured using PCoA based on UniFrac distance. Each point (sample) was colored by its belonged organ. Community dissimilarities were tested by PERMANOVA analysis. Data are shown as Box and whisker plots (A, B) to represent the median (center line), quartiles (box), and range (whiskers) of the α-diversity for each community, excluding outliers (points outside 1.5 times the interquartile range). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.