Fig. 4: Differentially enriched microbes in the intra-organ sites.

Intra-organ microbial communities were displayed in the left panel, measured using Constrained Correspondence Analysis (A skin; B oral cavity; C esophagus; D stomach; E mucosa of small intestine; F lumen of small intestine; G mucosa of large intestine; H lumen of large intestine and appendix). PERMANOVA analysis (adjusting for age, sex, BMI) was applied to test the significance of community dissimilarities. The arrow pointed to the direction of most rapid change towards the corresponding site. Differentially enriched microbes among intra-organ sites were displayed on the right panel. Selected microbes were colored based on their phyla. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.