Fig. 3: Characterizations of the coordination and oxidation states of the Ce1/NC, Run/NC, and Ce1-Run/NC, respectively.
From: Oxophilic Ce single atoms-triggered active sites reverse for superior alkaline hydrogen evolution

a Ru K-edge XANES spectra, (b) Fourier transforms of the Ru K-edge EXAFS oscillations in the R space of the Ce1-Run/NC, Run/NC, and reference Ru foil and RuO2. c and (d) EXAFS fitting curves of the Ce1-Run/NC and the Run/NC. e Wavelet Transformation for the EXAFS signals of the Ce1-Run/NC, Run/NC and Ru foil. f Ce LIII-edge XANES spectra, (g) Fourier transforms of the Ce LIII-edge EXAFS oscillations in the R space of the Ce1-Run/NC and the reference CeO2. h Ru 3p XPS spectra of the Ce1-Run/NC and the Run/NC.