Fig. 4: High proportion of Macro CD5L⁺ in tumors with poor response to GOLP.

A Dot plot showing the top pathways significantly enriched in pre-GOLP and post-GOLP myeloid cells (N = 18 samples). A hypergeometric test was used. Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjusted P < 0.05 (two-sided) was used as a significance cutoff. B Dot plot showing the top pathways significantly enriched in myeloid cells of patients with SD or PR (N = 8 patients). A hypergeometric test was used. Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjusted P < 0.05 (two-sided) was used as a significance cutoff. C UMAP plot showing myeloid cells clustered into 14 subtypes (N = 20,825 cells). Macro, macrophage; DC, dendritic cell; Mono, monocyte. D Violin plot showing the marker gene expression levels of the 14 myeloid subtypes. The colors in the violin plot represent the median gene expression levels in the subtypes. E Pairwise comparison of overall myeloid cell proportions between the pre-GOLP and post-GOLP groups. Paired Wilcoxon test, two-sided. N = 8 biologically independent patients. The results are depicted in boxplots: center line indicates median, box represents first and third quantiles, and whiskers indicate maximum and minimum values. F Bar plot showing the occupancy score of each myeloid subtype (N = 8 patients). G UMAP plot (N = 20,825 cells) showing the dynamics of Mono CCL20⁺ and Macro FBP1⁺ upon GOLP treatment (N = 8 patients). H Pi values of myeloid subtypes in iCCA patients treated with GOLP. N = 8 patients. The arrow points to Macro CD5L⁺ (P = 0.046), the baseline proportion of which was a strong predictor of unfavorable GOLP response (Wald test, two-sided). I Representative samples from patients with SD and PR (N = 2 samples) stained by IHC with anti-CD5L (green) and anti-CD68 (white) antibodies. Scale bar, 40 μm. J Dotplot showing the baseline Macro CD5L⁺ percentages of the SD and PR groups in three GOLP treatment cohorts (NCT03951597 and FDU-ZS-ICC-T). N = 55 biologically independent patients. Mann–Whitney test, two-sided, P = 0.035. The results are depicted with Mean ± SEM. K Heatmap showing previously defined macrophage signatures across all myeloid subtypes. Macro CD5L⁺ were highlighted by arrow as M2-polarized and anti-inflammatory macrophages with mostly phagocytosis-related functions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.