Table 1 Model parameters with their description and values

\({R}_{0,D}\)

DENV basic reproductive number

0.8–1.8

Explored

\({\epsilon }_{X}\)

Incubation rate

0.06 \({d}^{-1}\) (DENV & ZIKV)

⁶²

\({\sigma }_{X}\)

Recovery rate

0.22 \({d}^{-1}\) (DENV & ZIKV)

⁶²

\({\beta }_{0,D}\)

Average DENV transmissibility

Computed as \({R}_{0,D}{\cdot \sigma }_{D}\)

–

\({\beta }_{1,D}\)

Amplitude of DENV seasonal forcing

0.3

Assumed

\({T}_{X}\)

Timing of maximum transmission

15 \(d\) (DENV)

Based on case data⁵⁸

\({l}_{D}\)

Average duration of cross-protection induced by DENV infection

2 y

⁴³

\({l}_{Z}\)

Average duration of cross-protection induced by ZIKV infection

0.25-1.25 y

Explored

\({\gamma }_{{DZ}}\)

Reduction in ZIKV transmissibility mediated by DENV (while cross-protected)

1

Assumed

\({\gamma }_{{ZD}}\)

Reduction in DENV transmissibility mediated by ZIKV (while cross-protected)

0

Assumed

\({r}_{D}\)

DENV introduction rate

0.07 \({d}^{-1}\)

Assumed

N

Population size

300000

Assumed

\({\theta }_{a}\)

Scale Weibull lifetime distribution

62 y

Based on population data⁵⁸

\({k}_{a}\)

Shape Weibull lifetime distribution

3.3

Based on population data⁵⁸