Fig. 6: Concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the AD cascade. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: Concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the AD cascade.

From: Early onset diagnosis in Alzheimer’s disease patients via amyloid-β oligomers-sensing probe in cerebrospinal fluid

Fig. 6

a Experimental scheme of a fluorometric kinetic assay using Q-OB for CSF samples of patients with AD and nondemented control. b Fluorescence intensity ratio between the initial and incubated mixtures (37 °C, 200 rpm for 2 h) of Q-OB-treated CSF samples, including cognitive normal (CN, n = 22 individually independent samples examined over 3 independent experiments), mild-cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 21 individually independent samples examined over 3 independent measurements); Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD, n = 18 individually independent samples examined over 3 independent measurements). The p-values were generated with two-sided unpaired t-test; *p < 0.05. The exact p-values are described in a Source Data file. Comparison of the concentrations of CSF (c) Aβ1–42, (d) phosphorylated tau (p-Tau181), and (e) neurofilament light chain (NFL) determined using Lumipulse fully automated immunoassay and two manual immunoassays (INNOBIA AlzBio3 xMAP) and log (I/I0) of Q-OB assay. The p-values were obtained by ANOVA with post-hoc Games-Howell test; p < 0.001 (c) and (d), p < 0.012 (e). The exact p-values are provided in a Source Data file. f Representative illustration of clinical applications and advantages of Q-OB assay in comparison with those of conventional AD diagnosis. Panels (a) and (f) are created with BioRender.com. Source data underlying (b–e) are provided as a Source Data file.

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