Fig. 4: Vesicle and high-genus membranes remodeling by proteins. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Vesicle and high-genus membranes remodeling by proteins.

From: Mesoscale simulation of biomembranes with FreeDTS

Fig. 4

A Tubular membrane invagination induced in a vesicle by 20% coverage of protein type 2 with \({k}_{1}=10[{k}_{B}T],{k}_{2}=5,{C}_{{||}0}=1[{l}_{{dts}}^{-1}]\), \({C}_{\perp 0}=0,{e}_{{inc},{inc}}=-{k}_{B}T(2+\cos [2(\Theta )])\). B a vesicle containing 20% proteins type one with \(\Delta \kappa=\Delta {\kappa }_{G}=0\), \({c}_{0}=0.6[{d}_{{dts}}^{-1}],{e}_{{inc},{inc}}=-{k}_{B}T\). C, D a high-genus membrane (g = 20) with \({k}_{1}=15[{k}_{B}T],{k}_{2}=0,{C}_{{||}0}=1.5[{l}_{{dts}}^{-1}]\), \({e}_{{inc},{inc}}=0\) (C) starting configuration (D) final configuration, a minimal model for nuclear membranes where nuclear pore complex assembles and transforms the handles into pores.

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