Fig. 6: Administration of BI-0115, a LOX-1 inhibitor, suppressed H. pylori infection in vitro and in vivo.

a–d HFE145 cells pre-treated with LOX-1 inhibitor (BI-0115, 2.5 μM) or control chemical analog (BI-1580, 2.5 μM) were infected with H. pylori (MOI = 100) for 6 h. a Intracellular H. pylori 16 S ribosomal DNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Human GAPDH was used as an internal control (n = 3 replicates for each group). b Cells were stained to visualize invaded H. pylori (Red) and nuclei (Blue). Ten visual fields of each group were randomly selected to count the H. pylori number. Scale bar, 10 μm. c Cells were permeabilized with 1% saponin for 15 min. The diluted samples were then spread on H. pylori-selective blood agar plates and incubated for 5 days to count colony number (n = 3 replicates for each group). d Cells were treated with or without 200 μg/ml gentamycin for 2 h, and permeabilized with 1% saponin for 15 min. The diluted samples were then spread on H. pylori-selective blood agar plates and incubated for 5 days to count the colony number. H. pylori adhesion levels were calculated by subtracting the CFU of the group with gentamycin treatment from the CFU of the group without (n = 3 replicates for each group). e C57BL/6J mice were orally inoculated with H. pylori strain SS1 for 3 months, followed by administration of the vehicle (n = 10 animals) or the LOX-1 inhibitor (BI-0115; 10 mg/kg, n = 10 animals) on alternate days for 2 weeks. f Mouse stomach tissues were harvested and weighted, and then homogenized in sterile PBS. The samples were further diluted and spread on H. pylori-selective blood agar plates. After growing for 5 days, the colony numbers were count for quantitative analysis (n = 10 animals for each group). g Parafilm-embedded sections of mouse stomach were stained to visualize colonized H. pylori (Red) and the nuclei (Blue). Ten visual fields of each sample were randomly selected to count H. pylori number. Scale bar, 25 μm. h Parafilm-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological assessment (cellular infiltration: 0–3) was conducted in two separate tissue sections for each animal (n = 10 animals for each group). Scale bar, 100 μm. i mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il1b, Il6, Tnf) in mouse stomach were measured by real-time PCR (n = 10 animals for each group). All the quantitative data were shown as means ± SD. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (f–i) or one-way ANOVA (a–d) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests with adjustments, and the corresponding p-values are included in the figure panels. The statistical significance of the data (a, c, d, f, h, i) was calculated from one of three independent experiments with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.