Fig. 10: Schematic of the filtration set-up.

PRV pressure relief valve, NV needle valve, SV switching valve, PV purge valve (which, when open, allows system purging with synthetic air). P1 & P2, C1 & C2, and T indicate the pressure sensors (feed and permeate), conductivity sensors (feed and permeate), and the temperature sensor (feed), respectively. The PRV relieves the pressure in the case of overpressure (at 24 bar) and protects the system. The dampener is shown in the schematic but disconnected in the filtration experiments.