Fig. 6: Fenofibrate restores hepatic lipid homeostasis and inhibits cachexia induced by LIF overexpression.

A, B mRNA levels (A; n = 4/group) and protein levels (B) of PPARα target genes in the livers of TgLC mice fed with regular chow or fenofibrate (Feno) diet (0.2% w/w). C, D mRNA levels (C; n = 4/group) and protein levels (D) in the liver of Balb/c mice bearing with or without C26 tumors fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet. E Fenofibrate diet increased the levels of majority of small LC-TGs (C ≤ 54) in the liver of TgLC mice and C26 tumor-bearing mice. Heatmap showing the TG levels in the liver of TgLC mice (n = 8/group) and C26 tumor-bearing mice (n = 6/group) fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet. F Body weight of TgLC mice fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet (n = 5/group). G Lean mass (left) and fat mass (right) of TgLC mice fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet post TAM injection. n = 6–8/group. H Kaplan-Meier survival curves of TgLC mice fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet. I Body weight of C26 tumor-bearing mice fed with regular chow or fenofibrate diet. The day of C26 cells inoculation was denoted as D0. n = 5/group. J Kaplan-Meier survival curves of C26 tumor-bearing mice. K The diagram depicting the mechanism by which LIF induces cachexia. The diagram was created with BioRender.com. Data are presented as mean ± SD for (A, C), and as mean ± SEM for (F, G, I). Each dot represents an individual mouse. Both female and male mice were used. ns: non-significant. For A, C: one-way ANOVA followed by t-test with Tukey’s multiple comparison adjustment; for F, G, I: two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test; for H, J: two-tailed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Source data are provided as Source Data file.