Fig. 1: Characterizations of redox-responsive A2-APM.

a Schematic illustration of A2-APM structure and strategy for enhanced ICB therapy against GBM. A redox-responsive micelle was developed which covalently linked massive aPD-L1 via recoverable cross-linkers. PTX was co-encapsulated into the micelle followed by conjugating the angiopep-2 peptide that actively transported the antibody and PTX across the BTB to elicit activatable immune response against GBM through redox-responsive cross-linker chain-breaking, and amplified ICB efficacy by PTX-induced ICD effect to enhance anti-GBM therapy. b Dynamic light scatterings (DLS) analysis of the mean particle size distribution of APM (n = 3 biologically independent samples). c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of APM. Scale bar = 100 nm. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). d Relative antibody activity of free IgG and APM with or without GSH treatment (nsource = 3 biologically independent samples) e, f Quantification and representative flow cytometry histogram of aPD-L1 binding on GL261 cells incubated with free aPD-L1 and APM with or without GSH treatment (n = 6 biologically independent samples). g Profiles of PTX released by APM in the presence of different concentrations of GSH (n = 3 biologically independent samples). All statistics are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). BioRender.com was used to create (a). Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.