Fig. 5: Mouse in vivo diabetic wound infection model with hydrogel films treatment beginning 24 h post-infection.

a Bacterial counts of MRSA USA300, PA01, CR-AB, and CR-PA on various control and treated wounds after 24 h of treatment (n = 6 mice, two-tailed Student’s t test). b–d Full wound healing study. b Bacterial counts of MRSA USA300 on untreated control, silver dressing-, PPcontrol- and PPN(C4)−1 hydrogel-treated wounds on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 14 post-treatment (n = 6 mice). c Wound sizes of untreated control, silver dressing-, PPcontrol- and PPN(C4)−1 hydrogel-treated wounds on various days as a percentage of the initial wound size (n = 6 mice). d Visual appearance of representative untreated control-, silver dressing-, PPcontrol- and PPN(C4)−1 hydrogel-treated wounds between dressing changes. Scale bar = 5 mm. e–j Characterization of wound tissues. Measurements in MRSA USA300-infected diabetic mice (n = 6 mice, two-tailed Student’s t test) on day 2 post-treatment: e Percentage of CD11b+ cells in wounds. The percentage of CD11b+ cells is directly proportional to the extent of inflammation in the skin. f Concentration of pro-MMP9 in wounds. Concentrations of wound healing factors (g) VEGF-A, (h) PDGF-BB, (i) FGF-2 and (j) EGF in wounds. Data are presented as mean values ± SD.