Table 1 Patients stratified by critical disease development

From: Longitudinal plasma proteomics reveals biomarkers of alveolar-capillary barrier disruption in critically ill COVID-19 patients

 

Non-critical

Citical

p value

Patients, n

249

69

 

Demographic variables

 Age, mean (SD)

63.0 (12.1)

69.2 (12.0)

2.41e-04

 Male sex, n (%)

167 (67.1)

55 (79.7)

0.061

 BMI, mean (SD)

29.0 (5.4)

29.8 (4.7)

0.271

 History of smoking or current smoker, n (%)

89 (37.1)

35 (52.2)

0.036

 Comorbid diabetes mellitus, n (%)

58 (23.3)

31 (44.9)

0.001

 Comorbid cardiovascular disease, n (%)

50 (20.1)

20 (29.0)

0.157

 Comorbid atrial fibrillation, n (%)

18 (7.2)

12 (17.4)

0.020

 Comorbid hypertension, n (%)

90 (36.1)

30 (43.5)

0.331

Treatment, n (%)

 Imatinib

133 (53.4)

29 (42.0)

0.124

 Dexamethasone

177 (71.1)

50 (72.5)

0.941

 Remdesivir

53 (21.3)

9 (13.0)

0.175

 Chloroquine

23 (9.2)

9 (13.0)

0.481

Laboratory findings at admission

 Haemoglobin (mmol/L), mean (SD)

8.5 (0.9)

8.4 (1.0)

0.437

 Leucocytes (×10^9/L), mean (SD)

8.5 (4.8)

9.1 (4.5)

0.365

 Neutrophils (×10^9/L), mean (SD)

6.6 (3.3)

7.5 (4.3)

0.065

 Lymphocytes (×10^9/L), mean (SD)

1.0 (0.5)

0.9 (0.5)

0.041

 Thrombocytes (×10^9/L), mean (SD)

273 (110)

229 (90)

0.003

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD)

79.3 (16.7)

72.5 (20.7)

0.005

 CRP (mg/L), mean (SD)

102 (69)

142 (90)

0.001

 Hs-cTnT (ng/L), median [IQR]

8.0 [4.0, 12.0]

16.0 [8.0, 22.0]

3.18e-05

 NTproBNP (ng/L), median [IQR]

126 [37, 336]

325 [88, 1075]

0.006

 LDH (U/L), mean (SD)

368 (140)

471 (150)

3.82e-06

 Albumin (g/L), mean (SD)

35.2 (5.8)

35.1 (5.3)

0.875

Clinical characteristics at admission

 SpO2 (%), mean (SD)

94.3 (2.4)

93.0 (2.9)

0.001

 FiO2, mean (SD)

32.4 (15.7)

56.5 (24.2)

1.26e-11

 SpO2/FiO2, mean (SD)

328 (84)

203 (95)

2.2e-16

 modified WHO ordinal scale, n (%)

  

0.001

 Hospitalised, no oxygen supplementation

0 (0)

8 (3.2)

 

 Oxygen mask or nasal cannula

234 (94.0)

59 (85.5)

 

 NIV or HFNO

7 (2.8)

9 (13.0)

 

Invasive ventilation and additional organ support

0 (0)

1 (1.4)

 

Clinical course

 length of admission (days), median [IQR]

6.0 [3.0, 9.0]

16.0 [7.0, 27.0]

4.56e-12

 length of invasive ventilation (days), median [IQR]

0 [0, 0]

10.0 [4.8, 20.0]

2.2e-16

 Need for ICU admission, n (%)

13 (5.2)

46 (66.7)

2.2e-16

 Need for invasive ventilation, n (%)

0 (0.0)

44 (63.8)

2.2e-16

Mortality, n (%)

0 (0.0)

40 (58.0)

2.2e-16

  1. For normally distributed numeric variables (presented as mean (SD)), two-sided unpaired t-tests were used; for non-normally distributed numeric variables (median [IQR]), two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests were applied. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables (n (%)).
  2. BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, HFNO high flow nasal oxygen, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, NIV non-invasive ventilation, SD standard deviation, SpO2 Peripheral oxygen saturation, WHO World Health Organization.
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