Fig. 1: Changes in outcomes (Wave 2 - Wave 1).
From: Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
(A) tightness-looseness, (B) situation-specific norms, (C) metanorms, (D) punishing frequency and (E) hand washing norms. Tightness and punishing frequency slightly decrease while hand washing norms increase after the emergence of the COVID−19 pandemic. Other social and metanorms display non-robust changes. Change in appropriateness items is computed by scaling the average change in each country to the maximum possible change. Hence, the index can take values from −1 to +1. Red and black dots depict sampled cities; red dots represent cities sampled in both waves while black dots refer to cities only sampled in Wave 2. Indonesia is not included in hand washing norm data because of a mistake in the survey translation (see Methods).
